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The pressure on basic old-age insurance is increasing: with the aging population, the growth rate of basic old-age insurance fund expenditure exceeds the growth rate of income, and it is estimated that the basic old-age pension gap will be close to 3 trillion yuan by 2030.Underdevelopment of the third pillar: Compared with developed countries, the scale of the second and third pillar pensions in China is relatively low, which needs to be promoted through policy guidance.Underdevelopment of the third pillar: Compared with developed countries, the scale of the second and third pillar pensions in China is relatively low, which needs to be promoted through policy guidance.

2.1 Increased market liquidityThe inclusion of index funds helps to optimize the structure of the capital market and increase the proportion of institutional investors. According to market analysis, the full implementation of individual pension will attract more institutional investors to participate in the market, thus improving the maturity and efficiency of the market. The increase of institutional investors will promote more rational and long-term value investment in the market and reduce irrational fluctuations in the market.The pressure on basic old-age insurance is increasing: with the aging population, the growth rate of basic old-age insurance fund expenditure exceeds the growth rate of income, and it is estimated that the basic old-age pension gap will be close to 3 trillion yuan by 2030.

2.4 Optimization of capital market structure2.4 Optimization of capital market structure1.2 Impact of market expansion